What Are PrEP and PEP?
PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis) and PEP (Post-Exposure Prophylaxis) are medicines used to help prevent HIV infection. Both are highly effective when taken correctly, but they are used in different situations.
What is PrEP?
PrEP stands for Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis. PrEP is medicine taken by HIV-negative individuals before possible exposure to HIV to reduce their risk of getting HIV. When taken consistently as prescribed, PrEP is highly effective at preventing HIV transmission.
Who Can Benefit from PrEP?
PrEP may be recommended for people who:
- Have a sexual partner living with HIV
- Have multiple sexual partners
- Do not consistently use condoms
- Are at increased risk of HIV exposure
- Inject drugs and share needles or syringes
- Want additional protection against HIV
A healthcare provider can help determine if PrEP is suitable for an individual.
How Does PrEP Work?
PrEP works by preventing HIV from establishing infection in the body if exposure occurs. For PrEP to be effective, it must be taken consistently as prescribed.
Is PrEP Effective?
Yes. When taken correctly, PrEP greatly reduces the risk of getting HIV through sex or injection drug use. However, PrEP does not protect against:
- Other sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
- Unplanned pregnancy
Using condoms alongside PrEP provides additional protection.
Does Someone Need HIV Testing Before Starting PrEP?
Yes. A person must test HIV-negative before starting PrEP. Regular HIV testing and medical follow-up are also important while taking PrEP.
What Are Possible Side Effects of PrEP?
Most people tolerate PrEP well, but some may experience mild side effects such as:
- Nausea
- Headache
- Fatigue
- Stomach discomfort
However, these side effects often improve over time.
What is PEP?
PEP stands for Post-Exposure Prophylaxis. PEP is emergency medicine taken after possible exposure to HIV to help prevent infection. PEP must be started as soon as possible after exposure.
When Should PEP Be Used?
PEP may be recommended after:
- Unprotected sex
- Condom breakage
- Sexual assault
- Needle-stick injuries
- Sharing needles or syringes
- Other possible HIV exposures
A healthcare provider should assess the situation immediately.
How Soon Should PEP Be Started?
- PEP should be started within 72 hours (3 days) after possible HIV exposure.
- The sooner PEP is started, the more effective it is.
- PEP is usually taken for 28 days.
Is PEP Effective?
Yes. PEP can greatly reduce the risk of HIV infection if:
- It is started quickly
- Taken correctly
- The full treatment course is completed
Does PEP Replace Regular HIV Prevention Methods?
No. PEP is meant for emergency situations and should not replace regular HIV prevention strategies such as:
- Correct and consistent condom use
- PrEP
- Regular HIV testing
- Safe injection practices
Can Someone Use PrEP and PEP Together?
No, PEP is used after a possible exposure, while PrEP is used before exposure for ongoing prevention. After completing PEP, some individuals may be advised to start PrEP if they remain at ongoing risk of HIV exposure.
Can Pregnant or Breastfeeding Individuals Use PrEP or PEP?
In many cases, yes. Healthcare providers can assess the safest and most appropriate options based on individual needs.
How Can HIV Be Prevented?
Ways to reduce the risk of HIV include:
- Correct and consistent condom use
- Taking PrEP if at ongoing risk
- Using PEP after possible exposure
- Regular HIV testing
- Avoiding sharing needles or sharp objects
- Adhering to HIV treatment for people living with HIV
Why Is Regular HIV Testing Important?
Regular HIV testing helps people:
- Know their HIV status
- Access treatment early if needed
- Protect themselves and others
- Make informed health decisions
Early diagnosis and treatment improve health outcomes.
Where Can I Get More Information or Support?
For more information on HIV prevention, testing, PrEP, and PEP services, contact the WAAF clinic, International Health Care Centre (IHCC) or speak with a qualified healthcare professional.
